Liver cirrhosis; frequency and severity of hyponatremia in patients

Liver cirrhosis results from prolonged, widespread but patchy hepato-cellular necrosis due to various reasons. To determine the frequency and severity of hyponatremia in patients with liver cirrhosis. Descriptive case series study. Six months. Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. The cirrhotic subjects were assessed for hyponatremia and its severity. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated for hyponatremia and statistically p -value

Role of proton pump inhibitors in chronic cough

To see the effectiveness of Proton Pump Inhibitors in patients with chronic cough at Liaquat UniversityHospital. Observational study. This study was conducted at ENT Department, Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro/Hyderabad from November 2010 to October 2011. Irrespective of age and gender 109 cases were recorded with history of chronic cough. After getting a detailed History all the cases were examined thoroughly for any pathology in Nose, Nasopharynx,Sinuses, Throat and Larynx in ENT department and then Sent to Physician to find or exclude the pathology in chest and Gastro intestinal tract. Required investigations were carried out in selected cases. All the cases after diagnosis were selected for PPI treatment for 30 days. Patient's response to the treatment was recorded. All the data regarding sign symptoms, clinical diagnosis, duration of cough and response of the cases to PPI treatment was entered on Performa for analysis. 109 cases were chosen in present study with chronic cough, majority of the cases 55 [50.45%] were found with age group of 41-60 years. Female were found in the big percentage 63 [57.79%], as compare to male 46 [42.20%], mostly 86[78.89%] cases had duration of cough under VIII weeks. 39 [35.77%] cases were noted with feeling of lump in throat and this was commonest symptom. 57 [52.29%] patients were found with complete response, 35 [32.11%] patients were noted with partial response and continued for some more days, while 17 [15.59%] patients had not respond to PPI treatment and those were advised some other investigations and treatment. PPI having prime role in cases of chronic cough. PPI can easily be given on Clinical ground even without more investigations

To detect the fungal infection in the patients with nasal polyps

To determine the prevalence of fungal infection in the patients having nasal polyps at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad. Observational and prospective study. This study was conducted in the Department of the ENT of Liaquat University Hospital, Jamshoro/Hyderabad from March 2012 to August 2012. Total 50 had selected. All the cases with nasal polyp, both genders and above 18 years of the age were integrated. Routine lab investigations had completed. Radiological examination including the X-ray of paranasal sinuses and CT scan had done to diagnosis sinuses, bony erosion, orbital and intracranial extension. Surgical procedure had done according to the need of the patient. After surgery all the samples separated in 2 places under sterile process. One for histopathology and 2[nd] in the normal saline had sent for fungal Culture of specimen. Total 50 cases were selected in the study after diagnosis of nasal polyp, mean age of the cases was mean +SD=36.05+7.21 years, male had found in the majority 31[62.0%]. Nasal obstruction was the most common 42 [84.0%] in the clinical presentation. Majority of the cases 26.0% were under went surgical procedure of nasal polypectomy. After done histopathology frequently diagnosis found as Inflammatory polyp 43 [86.0%], while08 [16.0%] cases were found with fungal infection and 42 [84.0%] were without fungal infection after culture test. In conclusion fungal infection is found most common in the cases having nasal polyps

Acute myocardial infarction; hypomagnesemia in patients

This descriptive case series study evaluates the frequency of hypomagnesemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction. This multidisciplinary conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad and a private hospital Hyderabad from May 2010 to October 2010. All patients diagnosed as acute myocardial infarction were further evaluated for type of myocardial infarction and serum magnesium level. Out of 100 diabetic patients, 77 were males and 23 patients were females. The mean age and standard deviation of patients of male and female was 54.78 +/- 8.82 [SD] and 53.64 +/- 10.82 [SD], respectively. The mean +/- SD for serum magnesium in overall subjects was 1.24 +/- 0.48. Regarding the type of AMI inferior wall in 22 [29%], lateral wall in 17 [22%], anteroseptal in 12 [16%], anterolateral -V1 in 07[09%], right ventricular in 10 [13%] and posterior wall in 07 [09%]. The mean duration of acute MI in male and female population was 8.71 +/- 6.73 hours and 17.70 +/- 14.57 hours [p<0.01] where as the mean duration of acute MI in hypomagnesemic and normomagnesemic patient was 5.16 +/- 2.49 hours and 26.60 +/- 8.27 [p = 0.02] respectively. The mean serum magnesium level in male as well as female population was 1.32 +/- 0.21 mg/dl and 1.46 +/- 0.53 mg/dl p = 0.05, respectively. Regarding the hypomagnesemia in male and female population was 34[75.6%] and 16[53.3%] p=0.04, respectively. The hypomagnesemia was more predominant in inferior 18[36.0%] and lateral 16 [32.0%] wall MI. The hypomagnesemia was observed in patients with acute myocardial infarction with statistical significance

Type 2 diabetes mellitus; C-reactive protein in patients

To determine the frequency of raised C-reactive protein [CRP] in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This cross sectional descriptive study of six months study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from March 2013 to August 2013. All diabetic patients of >/=35 years age of either gender for >01 year duration visited at OPD were evaluated for C-reactive protein and their glycemic status by hemoglobin A1c. The data was analyzed in SPSS and the frequency and percentage was calculated. During six month study period, total 100 diabetic patients were evaluated for C-reactive protein. Majority of patients were from urban areas 75/100 [75%]. The mean +/-SD for age of patients with diabetes mellitus was 51.63+/-7.82. The mean age +/-SD of patient with raised CRP was 53+/-7.21. The mean +/-SD for HbA1c in patients with raised CRP is 9.55+/-1.73. The mean random blood sugar level in patients with raised CRP was 247.42 +/- 6.62. The majority of subjects from 50-69 years of age group with female predominance [p = 0.01] while the CRP was raised in 70[70%] patients in relation to age [p=0.02] and gender [p=0.01] respectively. Both HbA1c and CRP was raised in 64.9% [p = 0.04] in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The mean +/-SD of CRP was 5.8+/-1.21 while for male and female individuals with raised CRP was 3.52+/-1.22 and 5.7+/-1.63 respectively. The raised CRP was observed in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Serum homocysteine; hypertensive patients

To evaluate the serum homocysteine level in patients with hypertension at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. This six months study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. All the hypertensive patients for >/= 01 years duration, of >/= 35 years of age and either gender visited at the cardiac logy OPD or admitted in cardiac ward were registered and evaluated for their homocysteine level. The normal plasma homocysteine level is between 5 to <15 micro mol/L. The results of plasma homocysteine level were interpreted as normal, moderate, intermediate and severe according to the reference range [moderate = 15 to 30 micro mol/L; intermediate = 30 to 100 micro mol/L; severe = >100 micro mol/L]. The frequency and percentage was calculated for hyperhomocysteinemia in hypertensive patients. The chi-square and independent t-test was applied between categorical variables at 95% confidence interval and the p-value

Urinary tract infection frequency and pattern in patients with diabetes mellitus

To determine the frequency and pattern of urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus. Descriptive case series study. February 2009 to July 2009. Department of medicine at Liaquat University Hospital]. All patients >/= 18 years of age, of either gender were known diabetes for >/= 2 years duration. The infection was labeled when>5/hpf leukocyte in urine and growth of organism on urine for C/S. The blood sugar and hemoglobin A1C [HbA1C] was also advised to evaluate the status of their diabetes i.e. control or poorly control. During study period total 150 diabetic patients were evaluated for urinary tract infection, of which 92[61%] had UTI. Out of ninety two 80[87%] had diabetes type 2 and 12[13%] were diabetes type 1. The female gender was predominant. The mean +/- SD for age of patients with type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus was 53.52 +/- 10.74 and 20.77 +/- 1.65 whereas the mean random blood sugar level in patients with type 2 and 1 diabetes was 232.85 +/- 5.87 and 288.99 +/- 7.87. The mean +/- SD for duration of diabetes type 2 and 1 was 4.77 +/- 2.31 and 2.56 +/- 1.42. The isolated microorganism were Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, Enterobacteriaceae and C.albicans. The urinary tract infection is more prevalent in patients with diabetes mellitus